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对1500颗超新星的分析提供了迄今为止最精确的暗物质和暗能量计算结果_我的网站
一 | 它将补充我们宇宙中同样令人困惑的方面，即暗物质，这是科学家在1933年首次证明的一个空泛的概念，用来描述构成隐藏的、类似于光环的障碍物，防止星系简单地崩解。(然而，这又是一种我们无法用人类的眼睛来理解的力量）。但是，尽管科学家们无法用视觉把握暗物质和暗能量的难以捉摸的性质，他们却能够用数学来测量它。 Sen. Josh Hawley (R-MO) alluded to his Republican colleague’s fentanyl classification bill proposal in a Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs hearing on Tuesday with Gary Rasicot, acting assistant secretary for the US Department of Homeland Security’s Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office.,Hawley, who sits on four Senate committees, inquired whether US President Joe Biden’s government intends to declare fentanyl as a weapon of mass destruction in light of the highly fatal and synthetic drug’s growing prevalence in the country.,“Any declaration of fentanyl as a WMD, I think you have to carefully consider that because there are legitimate medical uses for fentanyl,” Raiscot told the Republican lawmaker from Missouri, drawing a distinction between illicit fentanyl and fentanyl cleared for prescriptions.,Fentanyl, also known as ‘China Girl’ or ‘China White,’ is a synthetic opioid estimated to be 50 to 100 times stronger than morphine, according to the DEA. The drug is traditionally used for pain management in cancer patients, but has grown popular among those peddling recreational drugs ranging from marijuana to heroin.,“In regards to illicit fentanyl,” Raiscot noted, “I think you have to proceed with caution there as well because I think what you want to avoid is creating overlapping jurisdictions or even diverting limited WMD resources into a counternarcotics arena.”,Fentanyl can enter one’s body through inhalation, oral exposure or ingestion, or skin contact.,China, once regarded as the primary source of fentanyl in the US, banned the production of fentanyl and substances that mimic the synthetic opioid back in 2019. Nevertheless, US data shows the country remains ravaged by the illicit drug, as over 150 Americans are dying every day from opioids like fentanyl.,Continuing to probe the official from the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office, Hawley raised the possibility of fentanyl being misused by adversaries the US classifies as terrorists.,“Back to this possibility of terrorists of foreign nations weaponizing fentanyl, can you give me your assessment of, is that likely? What are the concerns around that?” Hawley asked.,“I would be happy to give you that assessment,” Raiscot replied, “but I think it would be more appropriately done in a different forum, and I’d like to follow up with you on that.”,Former DEA Agent: Biden’s ‘Lack of Law and Order’ to Blame for 53 Deaths in Texas Lorry Incident2 July, 03:44 GMT,Newly released data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) showed overdose deaths in the US have risen 30% within the past year, with “illicitly produced fentanyl” accounting for most of the increase in fatalities.,Florida has emerged as a hotspot for mass-overdose events, prompting a recent plea from the Sunshine State’s attorney general.,“Thinking about curbing the problem in different, new ways may disrupt what the Chinese companies and drug cartels involved are doing or at least make it more expensive or difficult,” Florida Attorney General Ashley Moody said in a memo to President Joe Biden.,The rise in fentanyl-related overdoses and deaths have led many in the DEA to amend their “One Pill Can Kill” campaign slogan.,“Recreational use drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine that are being laced with fentanyl,” DEA Assistant Special Agent in Charge Mike Dubet told local outlet News4Jax. “Therefore, not only can one pill kill you, but one use can also kill you.”,Dubet, who is assigned to the DEA office in Jacksonville, Florida, said Americans are “playing Russian roulette whenever recreational drug use is a part of your life.”。周三，在《天体物理学杂志》的一系列论文中，天体物理学家成功地对我们宇宙的组成和演变做出了最精确的限制--包括暗宇宙。通过一个被称为Pantheon+的强大分析机制，该团队发现宇宙是由大约三分之二的暗能量和三分之一的物质组成的，大部分是暗物质的形式。更具体地说，他们怀疑宇宙的66.2%表现为暗能量，而剩下的33.8%则属于暗物质和可见物质。比Pantheon+的结果更令人兴奋的可能是它的运作方式。简而言之，该团队利用一系列强大的宇宙“手电筒”来回望过去，记录下100多亿年前的宇宙内容。这里所说的“手电筒”是指1a型超新星。这些恒星爆炸是如此明亮，以至于它们超过了整个星系，因此在离地球几十亿光年的地方也能看到。它们就像手电筒，但不是照亮一条长长的走廊，而是照亮无限的空间和时间隧道。事实上，它们对发现黑暗宇宙至关重要，有助于在1933年发现暗物质的存在，在1998年发现暗能量。Pantheon+将事情推向了新的高度。分析背后的科学家们专注于1500多颗超新星，这些超新星放在一起，共同照亮了约四分之三的已知宇宙。
二 | 哈佛-史密森天体物理学中心的天文学家Dillon Brout在一份声明中说：“有了这个Pantheon+数据集，我们就可以精确地看到宇宙从被暗物质主导到宇宙被暗能量主导的时间。
三 | ”Brout说：“这个数据集是一个独特的机会，可以看到暗能量在最宏大的尺度上开启并驱动宇宙的演变，直到现在。”作为额外的奖励，该分析工具还证实了宇宙确实在加速膨胀，而且它为支持科学思想的一个基石提供了极有希望的证据。粒子物理学的标准模型。这个框架几乎概括了每一个已知粒子的独立行为，以及彼此之间的行为，甚至作为许多关于黑暗宇宙到底是怎么回事的领先理论的基础。
四 | “我们能够对宇宙的动力学和历史进行迄今为止最精确的约束，”Brout说。“我们对数据进行了梳理，现在可以比以往任何时候都更有信心地说，宇宙是如何在漫长的岁月中演变的，而且目前关于暗能量和暗物质的最佳理论也很牢固。
五 | ”换句话说，Pantheon+可能是在告诉人们，应该总结一些 与标准模型无关的暗物质和暗能量的替代理论。这些理论可能是不正确的。此外，Pantheon+数据集的后果可能有助于平息物理学家之间长期存在的、相当激烈的辩论。基本上，人们知道宇宙正在以指数形式膨胀。人们可以从字面上看到它在实时发生。
六 | 但是科学家们不能就这种膨胀发生的确切速度达成一致。解决方案的关键是哈勃常数，但计算该常数的不同方法似乎产生了不同的答案。尽管在将Pantheon+样本与另一个科学合作项目的数据汇集在一起之后，哈佛大学的一份新闻稿指出，我们现在可能拥有对宇宙当前膨胀率的最严格的局部测量。简而言之，该合作项目发现哈勃常数是73.4Km/s/Mpc，其不确定性达到了惊人的1.3%。"换句话说，对于每一个百万秒差距，或326万光年，分析估计在附近的宇宙中，空间本身正在以每小时16万英里以上的速度膨胀，"该新闻稿解释说。
七 | 就背景而言，这个数字正好处于2001年72m/s/Mpc的里程碑式测量和后来74m/s/Mpc的报告的中间。然而，它与另一个领先的测量值相差甚远，后者表明常数为69.8 km/s/Mpc。
八 | 这还是有差异的。而且，Pantheon+的常数是基于"本地"测量。
九 | 因此，Pantheon+团队强调，“来自宇宙历史上一个完全不同的时代的观测预测了一个不同的故事”。“我们以为有可能在我们的数据集中找到解决这些问题的新方法的线索，但相反，我们发现我们的数据排除了许多这些选项，深刻的差异仍然像以前一样顽固，”Brout说。但是在最后，由于Pantheon+的结果是如此原始，也许它们至少可以阐明哈勃常数辩论中的争议点在哪里。“最近的许多理论已经开始指向非常早期的宇宙中的奇异新物理学，”Brout说。“然而，这种未经验证的理论必须经得起科学过程的检验，而哈勃常数的张力仍然是一个重大的挑战。”Brout表示：“Pantheon+给了我们迄今为止制约暗能量、其起源和演变的最好机会。
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